Turbine



May 22', 1928.

. P. KAEHLER TURBINE Filed April 4, 1924 V VIII/Ill,

Patented May 22, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL KAEHLER, OF BERLIN-LICHTENBERG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO BEERGMANN-ELEKTRICITTS-WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, A COB-PORATION.

TURBINE.

Application filed Apr14, 1924, Serial No. 704,221, and in Germany April11, 1923.

My invention covers gas or steam-driven lturbines and more especiallysuch operating at high 'pressures and temperatures. The object of myinvention is to at least partially protect the casing against directcont-act with the Vdriving medium o't'high pressure and temperature byproviding a partition.

Suggestions have already been putA forward to prevent direct contact ofthe drlving medium with the walls of the casing, by providing apartition in the casing.

This partition consists ot several parts, which are simply held togetherby supports lodged against the outer cylinder of the casing. Naturallythe radial stresses of the partition due to the iniuence of the pressureand temperature of the driving medium are transmitted to the wall of thecasing and must be taken up by the latter. Diliiculties arise at higherpressures and temperatures inasmuch as the resultant forces cause anundesirable deformation of the casing.

This evil is avoided by my invention. The partition fixed in the casinghas free play radially and axially and is only secured againsttangential displacement. This arrangement of the partition totally orpart-ially protects the casing against Contact with the driving mediumof high pressure and temperature,and, owing to its own contact with thedriving medium Qi' high pressure and temperature, can follvatheresultant stresses without being hindered by the casing, so thatinjurious stresses in the casing are avoided. The partition isappropriately so designed that it can take up the stresses due to thepresence of the driving medium without aecting the casing. In order toreduce the stress of the pressure on the partition, it is advisable toconnect the space between the casing and the partition with a lowpressure stage and thus to graduate the drop of pressure between innerand outer pressure.

The annexed drawing illustrates two designs of the new turbineconstruction. Figs. l and 2 show one of the designs, Fig. l be.- ing alongitudinal section and Fig. 2 being a section along the line 2--2 ofFig. l; Fig. 3 represents the other design.

In Figs. 1 and 2 a is the front end plate of the casing... This casingconsists of one piece and is rigidly connected with the cylindricalshell d of the casing by means of a flange. Inside the casing, acylindrical partition b consisting of several parts is fixed to thecylindrical shell. The diaphragme c of the high pressure stages arelixed to the inner side of this partition with a certain amount of play,whilst the diaphragins of the other stages are attached to the shell ofthe casing, likewise with a certain amount of play. The spaceintervening between the outer side of the partition and the inner sideof the shell of the casing is connected with the stage situatedimmediately behind the partition and therefore exercises a pressurewhich, on the one hand, is less than the highest pressure within thepartition, but, on the other hand, greater than the pressure prevailingat the outside of the casing.' The partition b can freely expand axiallyand ra- "dially relatively to the casing but is, however, brought tofour given points of the circumference, separated in angles of 90degrecs, namely by means of cams e on the wall of casing d and specialcams o which engage corresponding notches in the casing wall d.

In the design illustrated by Fig. 3 the front end of the casing a andthe cylindrical shell d are in one piece,- but horizontally divided. Inthis case the partition is completely separated from the shell d', thepartition b and the casing with the front plate a and shell d beingsealed at the shaft by the glands i and j. The gland i is outwardly, thegland inwardly connected with space n intervening between the partitionand the outer wall of the casing, the space n in turn being connected toa low-pressure stage of the machine as by a suitable passage p throughthe abutting portions of the partition and end plate. The partition iscomposed of a one-piece end z, and a multipart cylinder b. which all arefirmly connected with each other. End k also contains the nozzle boxes.The partition is stabilized (centered) toward the turbine-casing, in thecasing by cams c which are located on the casing-front wall near theshaft and which overreach the stuiing-boxes z'. For the furtherstabilization of the partition in the casing, guides m are provided onthe casingfront wall d. The partition must, however, not be prevented inany case, through its stabilization, from expanding axially and radiallyas required by its contact with the driving-medium of high pressure andhigh temperature.

What I claim is:

1. In a turbine, a casing, a partition in the casing which protects thecasing against direct contact with the driving medium of high pressureand high temperature, means positioning the partition with respect tothe casing to permit expansion of the partition Without affecting thecasing, and means adapting the said partition to take up the stressesdue to the pressure of the driving medium without affecting the casing.

2. In a turbine, a casing, a partition in the casing, spaced from theYcasing, which protects the casing against direct contact with thedriving medium of high pressure and high temperature, means positioningthe partition with respect to the casinglto permit expansion of thepartition Wit out affecting the casing, and means adapting the saidpartition to take up the stresses due to the pressure of the drivingmedium Without affecting the casing, the space intervening between thecasing and the partition being in communication With a stage of lowerpressure of the turbine.

3. In a turbine, a casing, a multi-part partition in the casing whichprotects the casing against direct contact with the driving medium ofhigh pressure and high temperature, means positioning the partition withrespect to the casing to permit expansion of the partition Withoutaffecting the casing, and means adapting the said partition to take upthe strees due to the pressure of the driving medium Without affectingthe casing.

4. In a turbine, a casing, a partition in the casing. spaced from thecasing, which proteets the casing against direct contact with thedriving medium of high pressure and high temperature, means positioningthe partition with respect to the casing to permit expansion of thepartition Without affecting the casing, and means adapting the saidpartition to take up the stresses due to the pressure of the drivingmedium without affecting the casing, the space intervening between thecasing and the partition being in communication with a stage of lowerpressure of the turbine.

5. In a turbine, a casing, a partition in the casing, comprising aone-piece end and a multipart cylinder, the said parts rigidlyassociated, and means positioning said artitpn with respect totheeasing, adapting it to expand axially and radially without beinghindered by the casing, but securing it against tangential displacement,said partition adapted to protect the casing against direct contact withthe driving medium of high pressure and high temperature.

6. In a turbine, a casing and a shaft a partition in the casing,comprising a multipart cylindrical body and a one-part plate, an openingin the plate through which the shaft passes, and means to seal the plateat the shaft. l

7. In a turbine, a casing and a shaft,a partition in the casing adaptedto protect the casing against direct contact with the driving medium ofhigh pressure and high temperature, an opening in the partition throughwhich the shaft passes and a seal at this opening.

8. In a turbine, a casing and a shaft, a partition in the casing adaptedto protect the casing against direct contact with the driving medium ofhigh pressure and high temperature, an opening in the partition throughwhich the shaft passes, a stuffing box at this opening to seal thepartition at the shaft and means for centering the stuffing box withrespect to the casing.

9. In a turbine, a casing, a partition in the casing adapted to protectthe casing against direct contact with the driving medium of highpressure and high temperature, and nozzle boxes for the admission of thedriving medium positioned in the partition.

In testimony whereof I afhx my signature.

PAUL KAEHLER.

